|
標點符號的運用（Punctuation）
當我們說話時，會提高音亮來加強語氣，會停頓來表示語意說畢，而在文字表達上，標點符號便擔當著重要的角色，例如：表示句子完結，詢問句，對話等。有時候，標點符號更可將說話時較難表達的意思提出來，如直接引述別人的語句或文章。如果要讀者明白文章內容，便須正確運用標點符號了。
第八課 引號
Quotation Marks“ ”及
省略號
Ellipsis …
引號
Quotation Marks “ ”
引號通常是一對（“ ”）出現的，跟圓括號（Parentheses）和括號（Brackets）一樣。
用法如下：
１）
表示對話內容
２）
標記題目
３）
令人注意某些字句
４）
引述某人所提及的確切字句
１）
表示對話內容：
例子：
“I don't know how you can see to drive,” she said.
“Maybe you should put on your glasses.”
“Putting on my glasses would help you to see?”
“Not me; you,” Macon said. “You're focused on the
windshield instead of the road.”
－Anne
Tyler, The Accidental Tourist
２）標記題目：
例子：
I.
Poem: “In
My Black Book”
II.
Song:
“Piano
Man”
III.
Short Story: “The
Cask of Amantillado”
IV.
Essay in a book: “Every
Child Can Be Beautiful”
(from Marjorie Holmes’s As Tall as My
Heart)
V.
Chapter in a book:
“The
Journey from Platform Nine and Three-quarters”
(from J K Rowling's Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone)
VI.
Article in a magazine: “Anybody's
Child” (from Esquire)
VII.
Television/radio program:
“Dateline”
(from NBC News)
“Spinning
on Air”
(from WNYC Radio)
句例：
i)
Discuss the rhyme scheme of Lucinda Roy's “African
Village Women.”
ii) Have you read “The
Cask of Amantillado”?
iii) One of the best sources I
found is “Anybody's
Child.”
３）令人注意某些字句：
例子：
|
i) The proposed tax “reform”
is actually a tax increase.
ii) Many
people confuse “affect”
and “effect.”
iii) He was a “good”
child: he never cried, never took his toys apart, never got
dirty.
|
４）引述某人所提及的確切字句：
用於短引述句 short
quotation，例子如下：
|
Cicero,
the great Roman orator, said this about fidelity: “Nothing
is more noble, nothing more venerable than fidelity.
Faithfulness and truth are the most sacred excellences of
the human mind.”
|
注意：
１）
句號及逗號都放在引號之內。
例子：
She said, “You
have to come back before 10pm.”
“You
have to come back before 10pm,”
she said.
２） 分號，冒號，破折號都放在引號之外。
例子：
|
i)
John was impressed by the wisdom of the article “Don’t
Put Your Money into the Stock Market”; nevertheless,
he keeps buying stocks.
ii)
You have to photocopy the following articles as soon as you have
finished reading “To the Light House”:
iii)
He insisted over and over again, “I'm
pure Indian; I'm pure Indian”－what
a joke!
|
３） 如果問號及感嘆號是引述資料的一部份，須放在引號以內，否則應放在引號外面。
例子：
|
i)
“Will
she really come to our Halloween party?”
he asked.
但是，
ii)
Who originally made the statement “Power
corrupts; absolute power corrupts absolutely”?
iii)
“New
York! What a fascinating city!”
she exclaimed.
但是，
iv) If
only I could have foreseen the tragic consequences of my
suggestion that she read Sylvia Plath’s “I
Thought That I Could Not Be Hurt”!
|
４） 如果引述句中再有引述資料，則可在雙引號內使用單引號。
例子：
My teacher asked me, “Have
you ever read ‘The
Perfume’?”
省略號 Ellipsis ...
１）
如果在引述資料中，有某些字須要省去，可使用省略號表示。
例子：
原引述內容：
The York record shows
that infant mortality (in the first three weeks of life) was indeed
higher in some months than in others, but oddly enough the mortality
rate was particularly high in seasons of high birthrate.
Ursula M
Cowgill, “The
People of York: 1538-1812”
省略後：
The York record shows
that infant mortality...was indeed higher in some months than in
others, but oddly enough the mortality rate was particularly high in
seasons of high birthrate.
注意：
１）若果省略部份是在開端或結尾時，則無須加上省略號。
２）
如果引述部份是句子的結尾，但引述部份並不是原來引述句子的結束時，便須用省略號。情形如下：
i) 如果省略號之後沒有用括號，則在結尾時用
句號＋省略號＋引號
Simmer says people have
described personal space as “a
snail, a soap bubble, an aura....”
ii) 如果省略號之後有用括號，則在結尾時用
省略號＋引號＋括號＋句號
Simmer
says people have described personal space as “a
snail, a soap bubble, an aura...”
(26).
* 26是指資料所在的頁碼
２）
在講話中，省略號可表達說話中斷的意思。
例子：
|
“And,
anyway, what do you know of him?”
“Nothing.
That is why I ask you...”
“I
would prefer never to speak of him.” |
|
你現在想：