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標點符號的運用(Punctuation)
當我們說話時,會提高音亮來加強語氣,會停頓來表示語意說畢,而在文字表達上,標點符號便擔當著重要的角色,例如:表示句子完結,詢問句,對話等。有時候,標點符號更可將說話時較難表達的意思提出來,如直接引述別人的語句或文章。如果要讀者明白文章內容,便須正確運用標點符號了。
第七課 Parentheses圓括號()及
Brackets括號 [ ]
Parentheses 圓括號()
(1)
在一句子中插入字或語句,可使用圚括號,正如用dashes破折號一樣,但用折號會突出插入句的意思,而用圓括號則會令插入句不明顯,只作補充資料。一般來說,在一篇文章中,不要使用太多圓括號,否則,會分散了讀者的注意力。
用破折號:
The books and
journals – and tapes, filmstrips, even the people you want to
interview – are all too often unavailable when you are ready.
用圓括號:
The books and
journals (and
tapes, filmstrips, even the people you want to interview)
are all too often unavailable when you are ready.
(2)
用圓括號來闡明前述資料:
例子:
Our linguistic
habits (how we listen, talk, and think) must be improved.
(3)
在列點的句子中,將數字或字母放入圓括號內:
例子:
Boston and San
Francisco were compared in terms of (1) location, (2) cultural
advantages, (3) work opportunities, and (4) moral values of people.
(4)
在商業書信中,用圓括號附入數目字,以重複一個詳細數字寫法:
例子:
The monthly rent is five thousand & fifty dollars
($5,050).
We confirmed that the order of eighty (80) gross was shipped
yesterday.
注意:圓括號內的資料不應該影響到原來句子的結構或標點符號,如果標點正常是出現在圓括號開始的地方,則加入圓括號後,原來的標點應緊接著圓括號之後。
例子:
Regardless of what you hear (and you may hear many lies), do not
believe anything unless it appears in our regular newsletter.
Brackets
括號 [ ]
(1)
在引文中插入的字句,使用括號封入,以作闡明或解釋引述資料:
例子:
“He [Hermes] is
often portrayed as sly and cunning, both in word and deed, a
trickster giving to cheating and lying.” Philip Mayerson
(2)
在圓括號中插入簡短資料時,可用括號封入:
例子:
From
that point on, Thomas Parker simply disappears. (His death [c. 1441]
is unrecorded officially, but a gravestone marker is mentioned in a
1640 parish report.)
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