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標點符號的運用(Punctuation)
當我們說話時,會提高音亮來加強語氣,會停頓來表示語意說畢,而在文字表達上,標點符號便擔當著重要的角色,例如:表示句子完結,詢問句,對話等。有時候,標點符號更可將說話時較難表達的意思提出來,如直接引述別人的語句或文章。如果要讀者明白文章內容,便須正確運用標點符號了。
第四課 冒號 Colon
:
冒號與分號Semicolon
不同,如之前一課所述,分號是用來分隔連繫用句 coordinate
expressions,在句子中,冒號Colon
通常是介紹跟著的事物,特別用於職銜、參考資料、或時間資料上。
(1)
用冒號來介紹例子、引述、闡釋、或列表:
將冒號放在一完整句子(前句)之後,去介紹一系列事物、例子、或解釋前句。
I)Introduce
a quotation:
Independent
clause containing words that introduce a quotation:
“Quoted Words.”
例子:
As
a project coordinator, my boss always followed the same policy:
“Do what is right today;
justify it later.”
II)Introduce
a list:
Independent
clause:
listed items.
例子:
You
will need the following items:
hiking boots, a tent, some dried food, warm clothing, a torch, and
mosquito repellent.
III)Introduce
a second clause that summarizes, restates, explains or enlarge upon
the first clause in the sentence:
Independent
clause:
summarizing or restating words.
例子:
| We knew that he meant
what he said:
his eyes looked as blue and hard as steel. |
Capitalization:
1.
在冒號之後的完整引述句子
quotation
的第一個字用大寫(capital letter)。
2.
在冒號之後的表列事物、同位語(appositive)或任何其他非獨立句子的第一個字要用小寫(lowercase
letter),但尊有名詞proper
noun除外。
3.
在冒號之後的獨立句子或問句的第一個字則可以用大寫或小寫,而無論用那種寫法,均須與整篇文章一致。
(2)
用冒號去分隔資料:
I)
Title & subtitle
例子:
The
complete title of the book is the Flaneur:
A Stroll through the Paradoxes of Paris.
II)
Hours, minutes, & seconds
例子:
The
plane took off at 8:45
p.m.
III)
Memo form
例子:
To:
Mr Philips Lee
From:
Miss Teresa Fung
Re:
Annual Meeting
IV)
Salutation of formal or business letter
例子:
Dear
Mrs Brown:
V)
Chapters & verses of the bible
例子:
Psalms
23:1-3
John
3:16
VI)
Bibliographic format
例子:
1.
City of publication & publisher (book):
Burns, Marilyn. The Book of
Think. Boston:
Little, Brown and Company,
1976.
2. Year from
pages (article):
Browns,
Anne, “How to Solve a Problem.” U.S. News Report. 22 June
1987:
43.
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