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段落結構
第九課：寫段落的方法
(五)
(8) 分類法（Classification）
如果題目範圍廣泛的話，可按其內容先歸納分類，形成小組，再研究彼此間的關係，令讀者更易明白。當你要進行項目分類時，首先會先找出項目的特性，例如，要將一班學生分組時，可以用他們的成績來分，成績好的在一組，其次的在一組，最差的在一組；但我們也可用學生的體型，體重，甚至體能來分組，視乎你用什麼原則來分類，而每篇文章最好只用一種原則作分類。
步驟：
1.
根據一種原則，如衣著類型－formal,
semiformal, casual
2.
描述及對每一類作出定義，如什麼是
formal dressing
3.
每一類都作舉例說明，如以服裝
sweat shirts, tee-shirts屬於
casual dressing，你也可以場合來舉例，如在晚宴時，與會人士多穿著formal
dressing
4.
對比各類的特點
5.
總結
Kinds
of Hotels
Hotels are found in every country and city of the world and even in
communities with few inhabitants. That’s why the hotel industry
ranks high among the largest worldwide industries. Today, the
lodging industry offers many new alternatives for the traveling
public. Some properties offer luxury accommodations; others offer
budget accommodations; while still others accommodate the need of
travelers to be away from home. Whatever the reason, there are many
different kinds of hotels and they can be classified according to
their size, facility, type, price, or service. Generally, we can
classify these hotels into three large groups based on location.
Airport hotels accommodate the air traveler. Because air travel has
become more common, this kind of hotel has become more popular. The
principal distinction is that it is located near airports. It is
very convenient to the traveler. Its guests include passengers with
short stay-over or cancelled flights and travelers who are in
business. The length of stay is between one to three days for the
guests. These kinds of hotels provide a limited level of service and
the rates are usually between low to medium. The Hilton, the
Marriott, and the TraveLodge are among the smaller hotel chains.
Downtown hotels, also called commercial hotels, are located near
large office complexes and retail stores in the major metropolitan
areas. Their primary markets are in the business industry. The
downtown hotels are near business destinations for daytime
activities and are close to city’s entertainment center for
nighttime activities. This combination is attractive to people
attending meetings and conventions. Although the primary market for
these hotels is the business traveler, many tourists use them as
well. The length of stay for the guests is between three to five
days and rates can run between medium to high depending on the
hotel. The downtown hotels have a variety of services such as room
service, a coffee shop, laundry services, a gift shop and a swimming
pool. The downtown Hyatt-Regency is a well-known hotel in this
category.
There are also the resort hotels located near the beaches,
mountains, or spas. Resorts hotels are destinations or parts of a
destination complex and their primary clients are vacationers and
recreation-minded people. Guests in these resorts can spend from one
week to an entire season. The resorts hotels must provide guest
entertainment. Because the resort guests expect to be entertained
right on the premises, they are willing to pay higher rates. The
level of service is much higher than what an airport or downtown
hotel offers. These complexes are designed with the family and
children in mind. The most famous of these is the Walt Disney World
Resort, which includes not only the theme park but also all
varieties of water sports, campgrounds, and golf courses.
There may be a few other general areas where hotels are located,
such as along the interstate highways, but most of them are located
near airports, in the downtown areas, and in resort areas.
以上一文是以酒店的種類為題，作者以酒店的”位置”來分類，共分為三組，首先是機場酒店，其次是下城酒店（或稱商務酒店），最後是渡假式酒店，作者介紹每類酒店的不同特點，包括：位置、住客類型、價錢、設施等
，並作出比較分析，令文章層次分明，同時亦舉例說明，加強理據的說明力，最後一段則作總結。大家在撰寫有關分類的文章或段落時，不妨以此作參考。
Transitions
for Classification
在撰寫一篇分類的文章時，我們可以同時使用對照法及舉例法。
1. 介紹類別時，可使用：
The
first group includes those……
The
next group includes those……
The
last group includes those……
And
finally, there is the type that……
2. 表示相同或相異時，可使用：
Unlike
the hard-working student, the……
However, like the
hard-working student, the……
This class is more boring than
the……
3. 表示例子，可使用：
For
example, when one student asked him to repeat his explanation,
he became very angry.
Peter
is typical of the hard-working student.
4. 強調重要性：
Of
the four types of students, the hard-working students are……
This group is in the majority.
其他可參考本欄
Part
B 第四課之 Transitions & Conjunctions
Exercise:
Choose
one of the following topics for a classification paragraph or essay:
- Types
of exercise programs
- Types
of television programs
- The
books you read
- Types
of retail stores
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你現在想：