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段落結構
第六課：寫段落的方法
(二)
(3) 舉例法（Examples）：
在中文寫作時，我們很多時會看見題目中要求作答者"舉例說明之"，而英文寫作也一樣。例證可以幫助闡述或澄清主題，使陳述句
Statement 有說服力，試看以下例子：
The English word for
many things is not the same as the American one. For example,
curtains are "drapes", a holiday is a
"vacation", a cinema is "the movies", a cookery
book is a "cook-book", a label is a "tag" and a
life is an "elevator." The pavement is the
"sidewalk", petrol is "gasoline." Biscuits, if
sweet, are "cookies", if plain, are "crackers."
Sweets are "candy", a tin is a "can", the
underground (railway) is the "subway", and the
Englishman's trousers and waistcoat are the American's
"pants" and "vest."
上述段落主題是首句，跟著有 supporting details
表示例證，說明了英式英語和美式英語用字上的差異。如果覺得用for example, for instance, to illustrate
等連接詞用得太多，不妨參考上述段落，改用其他詞句。
表示順序
first, second, next, then, last, finally, above all, first of all.
表示補充
in addition, moreover, similarly, likewise, and, again, also, besides, further, furthermore.
(4) 過程陳述法（Process）：
如果要說明一件事件發生的經過，我們大多以時間的先後次序來表達，由第一個程序／步驟開始，直到最後的程序／步驟，例如怎樣寫一篇論文，如何做紙，如何做化學實驗等。
How do you make a telephone call?
First, you lift the telephone receiver. Then, you listen for the dial tone.
Next, you dial the number you want. After that, you carry on a conversation.
Finally, when finished, you put the receiver back on the telephone base.
上述例子主題句是如何撥電話，跟著是 step-by-step說明整個程序，當中運用了許多連接詞來表明先後次序。
(5) 敘述詳情法（Detail）：
這方法最常用於敘述個人的經驗或一些歷史事件，例如：我目擊一宗交通意外或我的第一份暑期工，通常我們會以發生時間，地點，經過，與事件有關人物作內容，就像報導新聞一樣。
I went on a short visit to my
hometown during the summer vacation . I haven't been there for seven years and the changes that have taken place nearly took my breath away. The streets are much broader and flanked by new modern buildings. The old village shops where the villagers used to sell their eggs and
rice for exchange of vegetable and oil were gone. They were replaced by a
new department store, which offers for sale almost everything that the villagers need, including
electrical appliances and household products. Near the motorcycle store, there also appear some
small stores for businesses. In some of them fashionable clothes can be made or bought. In others you can get a decent meal or drink. My old neighbor also runs a small shop for repairing bicycles and cars. Crowds of people are shopping
every day. The school where I studied has also been replaced by a bigger one with a school library. During the evening the villagers go there to read books and magazines. I was fascinated by all this.
以上敘述作者返回故鄉時所目睹的轉變，從街道，店舖，舊鄰居，以至學校都跟昔日不同了，作者把今天的家鄉風貌詳細地呈現出來，令讀者如同身歷其境。
Exercises:
I)
Start with a topic sentence and develop it by detail:
1. I saw a very funny film yesterday.
2. The idea of marriage as a way of life has changed recently.
II) Start with a topic sentence and develop it by examples:
1. Several useful and interesting courses have been
offered this term.
2. There are many kinds of programs on television that young
people like to watch.
III) Start with a topic sentence and develop it by process:
1. Wind is simply moving air.
2. How do you make a sandwich?
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