段落結構

第五課：寫段落的方法 (一)

(1)    按時間順序（Time）：

     這是一個最常用的構段方法，以事件發生先後而順序描述。以下是記敘新年花車遊行的過程，大家留意一些連接詞在這段落中有效加強其可讀性。

Lunar New Year Parade in Hong Kong

       Starting in 1996, the Hong Kong Tourist Association organizes a Lunar New Year Parade every year to promote tourism and celebrate this traditional festival. By one o'clock, on third day of January in the lunar calendar, many tourists coming from different countries, together with local people, line the streets of Tsim Sha Tsui, which is the heart of the city, for the parade. When they hear the beat of the drums and the traditional New Year songs approaching, they shout loudly and applaud as the parade begins. At about two o'clock, the main activities – the Lion Dance and the Dragon Dance – lead nearly a hundred floats which represent various associations, large corporations and countries. Moving one by one, some of them wear native costume and dance to their national music. Sometimes, they get off their floats and walk into the crowd. Then they shake hands with people warmly. After a half hour, the parade reaches its climax. Some movie stars with cheerful smiles show up and throw flowers and souvenirs to the crowd. People in the front row go to get them quickly and wave to the float happily. Some tourists take pictures of the various kinds of floats and ask the movie stars to sign their tee shirts. Next, come the clowns and magicians who wear colorful costumes and heavy make-up. They give balloons to the children and practice magic. Around an hour later, the last float passes by and most of the people begin to leave the streets. After the parade, the city becomes calm and well ordered.

    以上一段時間順序清晰可見：

By one o'clock → At about two o'clock → After a half hour → Around an hour later

    其中還有一些連接詞幫助句子間的聯繫：

When, Then, Next, After.

    各位可以參考上一課有關表示時間的連接詞。

(2)    按空間發展（Space）:

    描寫空間環境，有人喜歡由遠到近，或恰恰相反，以空間為序，隨步移而轉景，將所見到的都寫下來。你可以集中陳述一些物件的所在地，由一項移到另一項，排列有序，才能顯示作者在空間上的移轉。

My Green Room

    My room on the second floor of an American couple’s semi-detached house is large and “green.” It is the largest room in the house with bright green walls and a white square-patterned ceiling. When you step into my room, you will feel fresh and comfortable. Under your feet is a grass carpet that covers the whole room. As you walk straight ahead, a white wooden cabinet with a small magazine tray is on your left. Then you can rest on a round green armchair in front of the cabinet. Opposite the armchair is my nice green sofa covered in a piece of white flower-patterned cloth. My bed, which is covered in a grassy bedspread, is adjacent to the sofa. Behind the head of the bed is a big mirror with two tall wooden cabinets, filled with my favorite books, at both sides. The white wooden desk and a pretty floor lamp sit against the cabinets. There is a small graceful white table lamp and a clock radio at the corner of my desk. I put some family pictures and posters of still-life paintings on this wall, so they can help me relax and generate more new ideas. A colorful, cute and square wall clock above the posters completely matches the green wall. It looks like a beautiful butterfly on a tree. On the right-hand side of the room is a great closet with all my clothes, shoes and some extra space for future winter coats. Next to the closet are two windows with white silk curtains. They face a sunny park. Every morning, you can see some little birds on the windowsill and smell the fresh grass and lovely flowers. I feel that I live in a “green” room – a part of the cheerful park.

      以上一段，作者先描述自己房間的位置，跟著是牆壁和天花板，當進入房間後，首先接觸到的是地毯，繼續走前幾步，會看見各項家具，令讀者的眼睛不斷游視，從一物件轉移到另一物件上，句子間排列有序，尤其運用了很多表示空間的連接詞（有橫線字），同時，作者運用很多形容詞如顏色，形狀，物料等，大大加強物件的具體形象，令人易看易明。

    為了表現事物的具體化形象，我們可以使用一些形容詞，以下是一些使用次序情況：

例如：單是玩具一名詞，可以有很多形容詞來表達，但前後次序是有規定的。

Most of the beautiful little metal toys

An elegant antique Chinese flower vase

Some round black chairs　

即如上一段 "My Green Room" 中：

a white wooden cabinet

a round green armchair

A colorful, cute and square wall clock 

Exercises:

Choose one of the following topics and write a paragraph:

Development of Time:

A Halloween night

A celebration of my friend's birthday

A wedding banquet

Development by Space:

My room

My classroom

My working place

▼更多的課題